Sunday, November 7, 2010

Lily

Many species are widely grown in the garden in temperate and sub-tropical regions. Sometimes they may also be grown as potted plants. A large number of ornamental hybrids have been developed. They can be used in herbaceous borders, woodland and shrub plantings, and as a patio plant.


Some lilies, especially Lilium longiflorum, as well as a few other hybrids, form important cut flower crops. These tend to be forced for particular markets; for instance, L. longiflorum for the Easter trade, when it may be called the Easter lily.


Lilium bulbs are starchy and edible as root vegetables, although bulbs of some species may be very bitter. The non-bitter bulbs of L. lancifolium, L. pumilum, and especially L. brownii (Chinese: 百合 干; pinyin: bǎihé gān) and Lilium davidii var unicolor cotton are grown at large scale in China as a luxury or health food, most often sold in dry form. They are eaten especially in the summer, for their ability to reduce internal heat. They may be reconstituted and stir-fried, grated and used to thicken soup, or processed to extract starch. Their texture and taste draw comparison with the potato, although the individual bulb scales are much smaller.



原料介绍
General

  百合为百合科百合属植物,百合(Lilium brownii)、毛百合(Lilium dauricum)或山丹百合(Lilium pumilum)又叫细叶百合的肉质鳞茎,鲜食干用均可。百合是我国传统出口特产,国人的自我消费也连年攀升。百合本身就汇集了观赏、食用、药用价值,全世界百合有 100 多个种类,我国就有 60 多个种类。就其生长年限可分为一年生、两年生、多年生百合。全国各地有不少优良品种,如:

  宜兴百合(Lilium lancifolium Thunb.),也叫卷丹、虎皮百合、苦百合。一年生分瓣繁殖,亩产 700公斤左右,高的可超过 1000 公斤;

  湖南的麝香百合(Lilium longiflorum Thumb.),也叫龙牙百合、粉百合。

  甘肃甜百合(Lilium davidii Duchartre)又名川百合,种植 3 年后,亩产可达 1500公斤。
  
营养分析
Nutrition


百合除含有淀粉、蛋白质、脂肪及钙、磷、铁、维生素B1、B2、C等营养素外,还含有一些特殊的营养成分,如秋水仙碱等多种生物碱。这些成分综合作用于人体,不仅具有良好的营养滋补之功,而且还对秋季气候干燥而引起的多种季节性疾病有一定的防治作用。中医上讲鲜百合具有养心安神,润肺止咳的功效,对病后虚弱的人非常有益。
  
食疗作用
For Diet Therapy Uses


  1.润肺止咳:
  百合鲜品含黏液质,具有润燥清热作用,中医用之治疗肺燥或肺热咳嗽等症常能奏效。

  2.宁心安神:
  百合入心经,性微寒,能清心除烦,宁心安神,用于热病后余热未消、神思恍惚、失眠多梦、心情抑郁、喜悲伤欲哭等病症。

  3.美容养颜:
  百合洁白娇艳,鲜品富含黏液质及维生素,对皮肤细胞新陈代谢有益,常食百合,有一定美容作用。

  4.防癌抗癌:
  百合含多种生物碱,对白细胞减少症有预防作用,能升高血细胞,对化疗及放射性治疗后细胞减少症有治疗作用。百合在体内还能促进和增强单核细胞系统和吞噬功能,提高机体的体液免疫能力,因此百合对多种癌症均有较好的防冶效果。

  5.本品甘凉清润,主入肺心,长于清肺润燥止咳,清心安神定惊,为肺燥咳嗽、虚烦不安所常用。
  
  药用方法1.百合、旋复花各等份,焙干研为细末,加蜜水日服3次,治肺病咯血、咳嗽痰血、干咳咽痛。
  2.百合、粳米各50克,去尖杏仁10克,白糖适量,共煮粥食,治肺燥咳嗽,干咳无痰。
  3.百合2~3个,洗净捣汁,以温开水日服2次,治老年慢性支气管炎伴有肺气肿。
  4.百合30~60克,捣研绞汁,白酒适量,以温开水饮服,治肺痈。
  5.百合、白及、百部、蛤蚧粉等份,共研细末,水泛为丸,每日3次饭后服3克,治支气管扩张。
  6.百合25克,菖蒲6克,酸枣仁12克,水煎日服1剂,治神经衰弱、心烦失眠。
  7.干百合研末,每日2次以温开水服6克,治耳聋或耳痛。
  8.百合7个浸一夜,次日清晨以泉水煮取一碗,去渣冲入一个生鸡蛋黄,早晚各服半碗,治病后神经症,坐卧不安或妇女癔病。
  9.百合还可治妇女更年期综合症、肠道出血、大便秘结。百合做外用药,亦可收到预期疗效。
  10.如取野百合同食盐捣泥,敷患处,治疮肿不穿,甚良。
  11.生百合捣烂,外涂天疱疮,每天1~2次,数日则愈。
  12.生百合洗净晒干研粉,涂于外伤出血处,有良好的止血效果。
  13.临床报道,用百合制成百合海绵,填塞治疗鼻衄、鼻息肉切除、中下鼻甲部手术后止血,观察百余例,百合海绵在鼻腔内溶化,被组织吸收,既无过敏反应,又有止血效果。
  美容养颜,清热凉血。主治肺燥、肺热或肺热咳嗽、热病后余热未清、心烦口渴等病症。油性皮肤的人多吃百合对皮肤特别好。
  
  制作指导1. 食疗上建议选择新鲜百合为佳。
  2. 四季皆可食用,秋季最宜。
  3. 百合为药食兼优的滋补佳品,四季皆可应用,但更宜于秋季食用。
  4. 百合虽能补气,亦伤肺气,不宜多服。
  

食用禁忌
Don'ts

  风寒咳嗽、虚寒出血、脾胃不佳者忌食
Not for consumption by flu patients, those who bleed and have cold weak constitution, or people who have stomach and spleen problems.

  百合因为有,并且从对鼠类、犬类的实验中发现长时间/大剂量食用会导致肺、肾的损坏及对白细胞、血小板的影响,即使是食用百合也有一定毒性,建议使用前向医师咨询。直接接触生的球茎可能会引起皮肤瘙痒,吞噬生的球茎可能会引起呕吐、拉肚子等症状。
It was observed during lab experiments involving rats and canines that long-term consumption of lily will cause damages to the lung and kidneys. Lily also can have adverse effects on white blood cells and platelets. Lily bulbs are slightly toxic, so it is best that the patients seek professional medical advice before eating them. Contact with fresh bulbs can induce skin itching. Ingesting fresh bulbs can induce vomiting and diarrhea.

Source:
http://baike.baidu.com/view/8651.htm
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lilium